Kura is a statically typed , bytecode compiled scripting language written in C. It has hand written scanner , tokenizer , a custom made binary tree expression compiler and a stack based virtual machine.

Kura source files are processed through four stage pipeline:

Source (.kura) -> Scanner -> Tokenizer -> Compiler -> Virtual Machine
ual Machine

The scanner produce raw lexemes , tokenizer classifies them , compiler convert them to bytecode chunks and the VM interprets that chunk on a value stack.

it iterate the raw source string character by character and cuts it into 'scanPtr' . each one holds starts pointer , end pointer , a byte length and a line number . It does not copy the source text which saves a lot of memory .It handles whitespace , string litrals , interget/float , alphabetic identifiers , single and double character signs , and comments (both single line and multi line).

It iterates the scanPtr array and classifies each span into a 'tokenType'.It classify scans in priority order:

1. Single character signs ('(' , ')', '{' , '}' , ';' , '=',...)
2. Two character signs ('==' , '!=' , '<=' , '>=', '&&' , '||' , '+=' , '-='), '+=' , '-=')
3. String litrals (spans surrounded by '"')
4. Integer/float numeric litrals
5. Data type keywords ('int' , 'float' , 'bool' , 'string')
6. General keywords ('if' , 'else' , 'while' , 'for', 'func' , 'return' , 'print' , 'break' , 'continue' , 'true' , 'false' , 'NULL' , 'exit')
7. Identifier (anything else)

Then these tokens are passed through 'functinize' , which seprates token streams into 'Tokens' which is a collection of tokens , each function has its own 'Tokens'.

Iterates Tokens of every function and output bytecode into 'Chunks' objects . it convert arithmetic expressions into a custom made binary expression tree , then the tree is traversed post order to produce stack machhine instructions. It track variable scopes with a trie based map. Functions are declared in a first pass so they can be forward called and compiled in a second pass.

Its a stack based virtual machine . It maintains:

• A value stack
• A call stack
• A variable arry

Variables should be declared with an explict type and should be assigned immediately.

int x = 45;
float y = 9.12;
bool flag = 1;
;

To updatet variables , we can use '=' , '+=' or '-=' operators:

x = x+1;
x += 10;
x -= 3;
;

Arithmetic

Comparision

Logical

Operator precedence : low -> highigh

|| -> && -> == , != , < , > , <= , >= -> + , - -> * , /
, >= -> + , - -> * , /

Functions should be declared with the 'func' keyword with their return data type , name and parameter list

func int add(int a , int b){
    return (a+b);
}
}

It supports 'if'/'else' , 'while' , and 'for' loops. We can also use 'break' and 'continue' to control loops. And 'return' to exits a function with a return value.e.

if(x==9){
    x=5;
}
else {
    x=10;
}
while(x<=10){
    print x;
    x-=1;
}

}
x-=1;
}

'print' is a built in statement that stdout only integers.

int x = 10 +5;
print x;

kura use two comment types:

# this is single line comment

// 
this is 
multi line 
comment
//


//

1. Cmake
2. C compiler
3. Make/Ninja

On Linux:

sudo apt install cmake gcc make

On macos:

brew install cmake
xcode-select --install

It compiles without debug outputs

cmake -S . -B build/release -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build build/release

The binary is written to:

bin/Release/kura.exe

Run it:

linux:

bin/Release/Kura path/to/source/kura

windows:

./bin/Release/Kura.exe path/to/source.kura

This build defines the DEBUG macro, which enables diagnostic output.

cmake -S . -B build/debug -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
cmake --build build/debug

the binary is written to:

bin/Debug/Kura.exe

Run it:

Linux:

bin/Debug/Kura path/to/source.kura

Windows:

./bin/Debug/Kura.exe path/to/source.kura

You can keep both files at same time and rebuild either one independently:

cmake --build build/release
cmake --build build/debug

./kura.exe path/to/code.kura

It reads the file , compiles it and execute it.

On success thee interpreter prints:

Complete!

Kura accepts any file path but '.kura' is recommended

int a = 10;
int b = 3;

print a+b;
print a-b;
print a*b;
print a/b;
print a+b*2;
print (a+b)*2;
a+b)*2;

Run

./kura.exe arethmetic.kura

Output

13
7
30
3
16
26
Complete!
lete!

func int add(int a , int b){
    return a+b;
}

func int square(int n){
    return n*n;
}
func int hypotenuseSquare(int a , int b){
    return square(a)+ square(b);
}

print add(10 , 32);
print square(9);
print hypotenuseSquare(3,4);

quare(3,4);

Output

42
81
25
Complete!
e!

• Int data type
• Char data type
• float data type
• string data type
• vectors
• functions
• while loop
• for loop
• Expression evaluation
• Custom memory system (stack and heap memory)
• Comments
• Print
• Custom object definition
• Global variable
• System Functions
• add error when called return in global